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Alexandria Prophthasia also known as Alexandria in Drangiana was one of the seventy-plus cities founded or renamed by Alexander the Great.〔Edward James Rapson, The Cambridge History of India, Volume 1. 1955 Cambridge University Press. ( Page 380 )〕 The town was founded by Alexander the Great during an intermediate stop between Herat, the location of another of Alexander's fortresses, and Kandahar.〔Caii Plinii secundi Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII interpretatione et notis illustravit Joannes Harduinus in usum Delphini Jean Hardouin, Pline l'Ancien, Hardouin (page 698 ).〕〔Ralph Griffiths, George Edward Griffiths The Monthly Review May 1749-Sept. 1803 ( Page 514 )〕 and is mentioned by Strabo,〔Strabo, 11.8 & 15.2.〕 Pliny,〔Pliny Naturalis Historia 6.61〕 Ammianus Marcellinus,〔Ammianus Marcellinus 13.6.〕 Isidore of Charax〔Isidore of Charax, Parthian Stations (Itinerarium) 17.〕 and Pseudo-Plutarch〔Pseudo-Plutarch De Alex.〕 Alexander the Great, arrived in Drangiana in November 330BC on his way to Kandahar, and found a well-organized province of the Achaemenid empire.〔Caii Plinii secundi Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII interpretatione et notis illustravit Joannes Harduinus in usum Delphini Jean Hardouin, Pline l'Ancien, Hardouin (page 698 ).〕〔Ralph Griffiths, George Edward Griffiths The Monthly Review May 1749-Sept. 1803 ( Page 514 )〕 Alexander appointed a new satrap, Arsames, and renamed the capital city as Prophthasia, (''Anticipation''), because Alexander had here discovered a conspiracy against his life, organized by his companion Philotas. The location of Prophthasia is currently unknown. Orthodox opinion is that Prophthasia was at Farah (also known as Phra)〔Isidore of Charax, The Parthian Stations 17.〕 and that the citadel of Farah holds the remains of his fortress. However, taking distances given in Pliny,〔Pliny XI 61.〕 Eratosthenes and Strabo,〔Strabo XI 514.〕 Tarn believes Farah is too close to the city of Herat and the city was actually at nearby Zaranj. Others feel it was located at Nād-e 'Alī.〔(Alexandria ) at Encyclopedia Iranica.com.〕 The 1578 world map which Mercator constructed from Ptolemy's map shows the city some distance to the north of the Zaranji lakes. ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexandria Prophthasia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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